Sunday, 14 April 2019

FROM THE BOOK : COMPOSITION WITH INDIAN EXAMPLES

FROM THE BOOK : 5 CS OF CINEMATOGRAPHY (REFFERED TO THE CINEMATOGRAPHY STUDENTS IN MINDSCREEN FILM INSTITUTE)





COMPOSITION WITH INDIAN EXAMPLES 

"GOOD COMPOSITION IS MERELY THE STRONGEST WAY OF SEEING" 
                                                                                                                        By Edward Weston

                                      (Image from Bajirao Mastaani composed by Sudeep Chatterjee)
Pleasent arrangement of players and objects in the setting, or as division of space.  Various characterstics of an extraordinary composition are lines, forms, masses and movements. To balance the frame consider compositional weight.  Understanding the difference between formal and informal balance appropriately used for proper audience response. Pictorial as well as Psychological aspects should be considered while composing to convey the script's intent. to arouse viewer's emotions.

NEVER ALLOW :  More than one center of interest at a time on the screen. UNLESS a disturbed or scattered effect is required or desired.

CAREFUL :  while composing moving players or vehicles , So that they always have the correct lead.

CONSIDER:  All camera angles in the sequence and not merely the long shot or master shot.

                                     (Image from Bayanakam composed by Nikhil S. Praveen)

UTILIZE : Perspective effects.

DEPTH   :  For three dimensional effect compose in depth.

FOREGROUND : To enhance composition employing appropriate foreground frames would help.

VIEWER'S EYE SCAN : While composing, the cinematographer should guide the viewer's eye along the inteded path.

                                    ( Image from Bajirao Mastaani composed by  Sudeep Chatterjee)

Visual variety should be implied by changing comositional effects often.

Eleminating all frills, gimmicks and complex arrangements and keeping it simple is the  key.










Friday, 5 April 2019

SOME LIGHTING GYAAN : SOME TERMS AND DATA

WHAT IS STOPS?


A stop is a doubling or halving of the amount of light let in when taking a photo or capturing some motion.

"Stops" let you directly compare and swap shutter speed, aperture, and ISO speed to produce the image you want.

OTHER TERMS : 

LIGHT OPAL FROST: 420 Light Opal Frost Diffuses light reducing the contrast between highlight areas. A weak diffusion is similar to Opal Frost less diffuse. Manufactured on a 36-micron polyester base.

HAMPSHIRE FROST: 253 Hampshire Frost
Diffuses light reducing the contrast between highlight areas.

HEAVY FROST: 129 Heavy Frost
Diffuses light reducing the contrast between highlight areas

KELVIN: When talking about photography the term ‘kelvin’ refers to the unit of measurement of color temperature. Every source of light emits light at a specific color temperature which can be measured in degrees Kelvin or ‘K’.

SOME IMAGES :


GRID CLOTH (USED FOR  DIFFUSION)

                                                   TOUGH SPUN 
                                            
                                          MUSLIN CLOTH (BLEACHED)

                                                 
                                            MUSLIN CLOTH (UNBLEACHED)


CHINA BALL (COVERED WITH CLOTH TO DIFFUSE THE LIGHT)



LIGHT LOSS FOR COMMON DIFFUSION TYPES:

White Diffusion "216": 1 1/2 stops


1/2 White Diffusion "250": 3/4 stop


1/4 White Diffusion "251": 1/3 stop


1/8 White Diffusion "252": 1/4 stop

Opal "410": 1/2 stop


Light Opal Frost "420": 1/4 stop


Hampshire Frost "253": 1/4 stop


Heavy Frost "129": 2 stops

Grid Cloth "430" or Silent Grid Cloth: 2 1/2 stops


Light Grid Cloth "432" or Silent Light Grid: 2 stops


1/4 Grid Cloth "434" or Silent 1/4 Grid: 1 stop

Full Tough Spun "214": 2 1/2 stops


1/2 Tough Spun "215": 1 1/2 stops


1/4 Tough Spun "229": 3/4 stop

Artificial Silk: 1 2/3 stops


1/4 Silk: 2/3 stop


China Silk: 1 stop

Unbleached Muslin: 2 stops


Bleached Muslin: 2 stops

Heavy Diffusion:


Muslin, Grid Cloth, 216, Heavy Frost

Medium Diffusion:


Silk, Spun, 250, Light Grid

Light Diffusion:


Opal, Hampshire Frost, 251, 252
LIGHT LOSS FOR COLOR CORRECTION GEL:


CTB (Color Temperature Blue) "201": 1 2/3 stops


1/2 CTB "202": 1 stop


1/4 CTB "203": 2/3 stop


1/8 CTB "218": 1/3 stop

CTO (Color Temperature Orange) "204": 1 stop


1/2 CTO "205": 2/3 stop


1/4 CTO "206": 1/3 stop


1/8 CTO "223": 1/3 stop

CTS (Color Temperature Straw) "441": 1 stop


1/2 CTS "442": 2/3 stop


1/4 CTS "443": 1/3 stop


1/8 CTS "444": 1/3 stop

Plusgreen: 1/2 stop


1/2 Plusgreen: 1/4 stop


1/4 Plusgreen: 1/8 stop


1/8 Plusgreen: 1/8 stop

Minusgreen: 1 stop


1/2 Minusgreen: 1/2 stop


1/4 Minusgreen: 1/4 stop


1/8 Minusgreen: 1/4 stop
MIRED SHIFTS FOR COLOR CORRECTION GEL:
MIRED's are used for calculating color temperature conversions. The math always gets lost in my head so I often use Lee's online MIRED calculator >>>
Here's a link to Rosco's Filter Facts PDF that has a good explanation of the Mired Formula and how to use it >>>

TO INCREASE KELVIN:


CTB  (Color Temperature Blue)-131 MIRED (Converts 3200k to 5500k or 2900k to 5200k)


1/2 CTB -68 MIRED (Converts 3200k to 4100k or 2900k to 3800k)


1/4 CTB -30 MIRED (Converts 3200k to 3500k or 2900k to 3200k)


1/8 CTB -12 MIRED (Converts 3200k to 3300k or 2900k to 3000k)

TO DECREASE KELVIN:


CTO (Color Temperature Orange) +167 MIRED (Converts 6500k to 3200k or 5500k to 2900k)


1/2 CTO +81 MIRED (Converts 5500k to 3800k)


1/4 CTO +42 MIRED (Converts 5500k to 4500k)


1/8 CTO  +20 MIRED (Converts 5500k to 4900k)

CTS (Color Temperature Straw) +160 MIRED (Converts 5500k to 3200k)


1/2 CTS +81 MIRED (Converts 5500k to 3800k)


1/4 CTS +42 MIRED (Converts 5500k to 4500k)


1/8 CTS +20 MIRED (Converts 5500k to 4900k)


References :